Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplant

Newborn infants no longer need their umbilical cords, so they have traditionally been discarded as a by-product of the birth process. In recent years, however, the multipotent-stem-cell-rich blood found in the umbilical cord has proven useful in treating the same types of health problems as those treated using bone marrow stem cells and PBSCs.

Umbilical cord blood stem cell transplants are less prone to rejection than either bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cells. This is probably because the cells have not yet developed the features that can be recognized and attacked by the recipient's immune system. Also, because umbilical cord blood lacks well-developed immune cells, there is less chance that the transplanted cells will attack the recipient's body, a problem called graft versus host disease.

Both the versatility and availability of umbilical cord blood stem cells makes them a potent resource for transplant therapies.

Source: http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/stemcells/sctoday/

Stem Cell Therapies Today

Did you know that several stem cell therapies are routinely used to treat disease today?

These include:

Adult Stem Cell Transplant: Bone Marrow Stem Cells
Adult Stem Cell Transplant: Peripheral Blood Stem Cells
Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplant
Adult Stem Cell Transplant: Bone Marrow Stem Cells

Perhaps the best-known stem cell therapy to date is the bone marrow transplant, which is used to treat leukemia and other types of cancer, as well as various blood disorders.

Why is this a stem cell therapy?
Leukemia is a cancer of white blood cells, or leukocytes. Like other blood cells, leukocytes are made in the bone marrow through a process that begins with multipotent adult stem cells. Mature leukocytes are released into the bloodstream, where they work to fight off infections in our bodies.

Leukemia results when leukocytes begin to grow and function abnormally, becoming cancerous. These abnormal cells cannot fight off infection, and they interfere with the functions of other organs.

Successful treatment for leukemia depends on getting rid of all the abnormal leukocytes in the patient, allowing healthy ones to grow in their place. One way to do this is through chemotherapy, which uses potent drugs to target and kill the abnormal cells. When chemotherapy alone can't eliminate them all, physicians sometimes turn to bone marrow transplants.

In a bone marrow transplant, the patient's bone marrow stem cells are replaced with those from a healthy, matching donor. To do this, all of the patient's existing bone marrow and abnormal leukocytes are first killed using a combination of chemotherapy and radiation. Next, a sample of donor bone marrow containing healthy stem cells is introduced into the patient's bloodstream.

If the transplant is successful, the stem cells will migrate into the patient's bone marrow and begin producing new, healthy leukocytes to replace the abnormal cells.


Source: http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/stemcells/sctoday/

What is Cord Blood?

"Cord Blood" is the blood that remains in the umbilical cord and placenta following birth. Cord blood stem cells have the ability to treat the same diseases as bone marrow with significantly less rejection. Cord blood is collected after the baby is born and the umbilical cord has been clamped and cut. It is painless and safe. When cord blood is collected and stored, the stem cells are immediately available for transplantation. Children make up a large portion of the 10,000 individuals each year who are unable to find a transplant in time.

Years of medical research have led to an amazing discovery: the blood in a baby's umbilical cord. First used in transplant in 1988, umbilical cord blood is a plentiful and rich source of stem cells -the building blocks of the immune system- that can be used to treat a variety of life-threatening diseases including leukemia, other cancers, and blood and immune disorders. In just the last few years, hundreds of acutely ill patients have received treatment because of this tremendous medical advance.

Approximately 25% of these transplants have come from siblings, with the rest coming from donated cord blood samples. As more and more families save their cord blood, whether through donation or private storage, these numbers should increase dramatically. According to The Journal of the American Medical Association, "10,000 to 15,000 Americans each year who need a (bone marrow) transplant are unable to find suitable donors". Cord blood is an alternative transplant resource. As of the year 2000, more than 2,000 cord blood transplants have been performed worldwide.

CBDF Mission Statement

The Cord Blood Donor Foundation (CBDF) is a Not-For-Profit, 501 (c)3 human health and welfare organization dedicated to providing educational and public awareness and promoting further research using umbilical cord blood stem cells from live birth for the treatment of disease.

Source: http://www.cordblooddonor.org